High performance, equity and digital maturity — but also a warning about reading, cognitive effort and the age of AI By Mehmet ALTAYFounder & International Projects Director, Teachers Education Academy Estonia enters the PISA 2025 debate from a position that very few education systems can claim. It is not simply a high-performing country in one subject, nor is its international reputation based only on digitalisation. According to the OECD’s PISA 2025 Results (Volume I): Futu